import json
import logging
import os
import pwd
from abc import abstractmethod
from contextlib import suppress
from textwrap import dedent
from typing import Mapping, Optional, Protocol

import sentry_sdk
import yaml

from defence360agent.utils import atomic_rewrite
from defence360agent.utils.fd_ops import open_dir_no_symlinks

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Don't read config if its file is larger than this.
_MAX_CONFIG_SIZE = 1 << 20  # 1MiB


class IConfigProvider(Protocol):
    @abstractmethod
    def read_config_file(
        self, force_read: bool = False, ignore_errors: bool = True
    ):
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def write_config_file(self, config: Mapping) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def modified_since(self, timestamp: Optional[float]) -> bool:
        raise NotImplementedError


class ConfigError(Exception):
    pass


class JsonMessage:
    """Pretty-print given *obj* as JSON.

    To be used for logging. Example:

      logging.info("object: %s", JsonMessage(obj))

    """

    def __init__(self, obj):
        self._obj = obj

    def __str__(self):
        return json.dumps(self._obj, sort_keys=True)


def diff_section(prev_section: Optional[dict], section: Optional[dict]):
    """Return difference between config sections."""
    prev_section = prev_section or {}
    section = section or {}
    removed_settings = prev_section.keys() - section.keys()
    added_settings = section.keys() - prev_section.keys()
    return {
        "-": {v: prev_section[v] for v in removed_settings},
        "+": {v: section[v] for v in added_settings},
        # modified settings
        "?": {
            v: (prev_section[v], section[v])
            for v in (prev_section.keys() & section.keys())
            if prev_section[v] != section[v]
        },
    }


def diff_config(prev_conf: dict, conf: dict):
    """Compare *prev_conf* with the current *conf*."""
    removed_sections = prev_conf.keys() - conf.keys()
    yield {section: prev_conf[section] for section in removed_sections}
    added_sections = conf.keys() - prev_conf.keys()
    yield {section: conf[section] for section in added_sections}
    # changed sections
    yield {
        section: diff_section(prev_conf[section], conf[section])
        for section in (prev_conf.keys() & conf.keys())
        if prev_conf[section] != conf[section]
    }


def exclude_equals(*, main_conf: dict, base_conf: dict) -> dict:
    """
    Return dict derived from *main_conf* excluding parts
    that are equal in *base_conf*.
    For example,
    >>> base_conf = {
        "SECTION1": {"OPTION1": "default", "OPTION2": "default"},
        "SECTION2": {"OPTION1": "default"}
    }
    >>> main_conf = {
        "SECTION1": {"OPTION1": "value", "OPTION2": "default"},
        "SECTION2": {"OPTION1": "default"}
    }
    >>>
    >>> exclude_equals(main_conf=main_conf, base_conf=base_conf)
    {'SECTION1': {'OPTION1': 'value'}}
    >>>
    """
    _, added, changed = diff_config(base_conf, main_conf)
    result = {}
    for section, value in main_conf.items():
        if section in added.keys():
            result[section] = value
        if section in changed.keys():
            result.setdefault(section, {}).update(changed[section]["+"])
            result.setdefault(section, {}).update(
                {k: v[1] for k, v in changed[section]["?"].items()}
            )
    return result


class ConfigReader:
    """
    ConfigFile file for settings page.
    Location config file is PATH
    """

    def __init__(self, path, disclaimer="", permissions=None):
        self.path = path
        self.disclaimer = disclaimer
        self.permissions = permissions

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<{classname}({path})>".format(
            classname=self.__class__.__qualname__, path=self.path
        )

    def __str__(self):
        return f"ConfigReader at {self.path}"

    def read_config_file(
        self, force_read: bool = False, ignore_errors: bool = True
    ) -> dict:
        """Read config file into memory.

        Raises ConfigError.
        """
        try:
            if os.path.getsize(self.path) > _MAX_CONFIG_SIZE:
                raise ConfigError("Config file is too large")
            filename = self.path
            with open(filename, "r") as config_file:
                logger.info("Reading config file %s", filename)
                text = config_file.read()
        except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
            raise ConfigError("Unable to decode config file") from e
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return {}
        try:
            return self.load_config_body(text)
        except ConfigError as e:
            logger.error(e)
            if ignore_errors:
                return {}
            raise e

    def load_config_body(self, text: str) -> dict:
        try:
            config = yaml.safe_load(text)
        except yaml.YAMLError as e:
            raise ConfigError(
                f"Imunify360 config is not valid YAML document ({e})"
            ) from e

        if config is None:
            return {}

        if not isinstance(config, dict):
            raise ConfigError(
                "Imunify360 config is invalid or empty"
                ": path={!r}, text={!r}".format(self.path, text)
            )

        return config

    def _pre_write(self):
        pass

    def _post_write(self):
        pass

    def _serialize_config(self, config) -> str:
        config_text = ""
        if self.disclaimer:
            config_text += dedent(self.disclaimer)
            config_text += "\n"
        config_text += yaml.dump(config, default_flow_style=False)
        return config_text

    def write_config_file(self, config) -> str:
        self._pre_write()
        config_text = self._serialize_config(config)
        atomic_rewrite(
            self.path, config_text, backup=False, permissions=self.permissions
        )
        self._post_write()
        return config_text

    def modified_since(self, timestamp: Optional[float]) -> bool:
        return True


class CachedConfigReader(ConfigReader):
    def __init__(self, path, disclaimer="", permissions=None):
        super().__init__(path, disclaimer)
        self.mtime: Optional[float] = None
        self.size: Optional[float] = None
        self._config = {}
        self.permissions = permissions

    def __str__(self):
        return (
            "{classname} <'{path}', modified at {mtime}, {size} bytes>".format(
                classname=self.__class__.__qualname__,
                path=self.path,
                mtime=self.mtime,
                size=self.size,
            )
        )

    def read_config_file(
        self, force_read: bool = False, ignore_errors: bool = True
    ):
        """Update config if config file is modified"""
        if self.modified_since(self.mtime) or force_read:
            prev_config = self._config
            try:
                self._config = super().read_config_file(
                    ignore_errors=ignore_errors
                )
            except ConfigError as error:
                sentry_sdk.capture_exception(error)

                logger.warning(
                    "%s is invalid, using previous settings: %s",
                    self,
                    JsonMessage(self._config),
                )
                if not ignore_errors:
                    raise error
            else:
                if self.mtime is not None:  # don't log on startup
                    diffs = list(diff_config(prev_config, self._config))
                    if any(diffs):
                        # content has changed, log it
                        logger.info(
                            "%s modified: removed=%s, added=%s, changed=%s",
                            self,
                            *map(JsonMessage, diffs),
                        )

            self._refresh_stat_cache()

        return self._config

    def _refresh_stat_cache(self) -> None:
        """Sync cached mtime/size with the file on disk."""
        try:
            stat = os.stat(self.path)
            self.mtime = stat.st_mtime
            self.size = stat.st_size
        except FileNotFoundError:
            self.mtime = 0.0
            self.size = 0.0

    def modified_since(self, timestamp: Optional[float]) -> bool:
        """Whether the config has updated since *timestamp*.

        (as defined by its last modification time and size)
        :param timestamp: None means that the file has never been read before
        """
        # On startup consider timestamp to be None
        if timestamp is None:
            timestamp = 0.0
        try:
            stat = os.stat(self.path)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            st_mtime, st_size = 0.0, 0.0
        else:
            st_mtime, st_size = stat.st_mtime, stat.st_size
        return st_mtime > timestamp or st_size != self.size


class WriteOnlyConfigReader(CachedConfigReader):
    def __init__(self, path, disclaimer="", permissions=None):
        super().__init__(path, disclaimer, permissions)
        # write-only readers never hit the parent read path that populates
        # mtime/size, so seed them from disk now — otherwise the size
        # fallback in modified_since() (st_size != self.size) compares
        # against None forever and the check is stuck at True.
        self._refresh_stat_cache()

    def read_config_file(self, *_, **__):
        return self._config

    def write_config_file(self, config):
        config_text = super().write_config_file(config)
        self._config = self.load_config_body(config_text)
        self._refresh_stat_cache()
        return config_text


class UserConfigReader(CachedConfigReader):
    """Per-user config reader that resists TOCTOU symlink attacks.

    The user-specific subdirectory ``<USER_CONFDIR>/<username>/`` and the
    config file inside it must end up owned by ``root:<user-gid>`` with
    modes ``0750`` / ``0640``.  Earlier revisions performed the
    ``mkdir`` -> ``chown`` -> ``chmod`` sequence on path strings, which
    left a TOCTOU window: between the directory existing and the
    metadata syscalls, a swap to a symlink could redirect the chown to
    an arbitrary inode.  See DEF-41586 / CLOS-3965 for context.

    The hardened path opens the parent ``USER_CONFDIR`` once with
    ``O_NOFOLLOW`` at every component, then performs every subsequent
    operation (``mkdir``/``chown``/``chmod``/atomic write) relative to
    that fd or to a fresh ``O_NOFOLLOW`` fd of the user subdir.  No
    user-controlled path string is dereferenced more than once.
    """

    DIR_PERMISSIONS = 0o750
    FILE_PERMISSIONS = 0o640

    def __init__(self, path, username):
        super().__init__(path)
        self.username = username

    def __str__(self):
        return f"Config of user {self.username}"

    def _open_user_subdir(self, parent_fd: int, name: str) -> int:
        """Return an O_NOFOLLOW fd for ``name`` inside *parent_fd*.

        Creates the directory first if it does not already exist.  The
        ``O_NOFOLLOW`` flag guarantees that, if a symlink appears in the
        slot at any time after this call returns, every subsequent
        ``fchown``/``fchmod``/atomic-rewrite bound to the returned fd
        operates on the originally opened inode.
        """
        with suppress(FileExistsError):
            os.mkdir(name, mode=self.DIR_PERMISSIONS, dir_fd=parent_fd)
        return os.open(
            name,
            os.O_RDONLY | os.O_DIRECTORY | os.O_NOFOLLOW,
            dir_fd=parent_fd,
        )

    def write_config_file(self, config) -> str:
        gid = pwd.getpwnam(self.username).pw_gid
        confdir, basename = os.path.split(self.path)
        userconfdir, username = os.path.split(confdir)

        # Open USER_CONFDIR (root-owned, package-controlled) with full
        # symlink protection at every path component.  Then descend to
        # the per-user subdir using a dir_fd-relative open with
        # O_NOFOLLOW so a symlink swap cannot redirect us.
        parent_fd = open_dir_no_symlinks(userconfdir)
        try:
            user_fd = self._open_user_subdir(parent_fd, username)
            try:
                # Apply directory ownership/permissions on the fd we
                # just opened — bound to the inode, not to the path.
                os.chown(user_fd, 0, gid)
                os.fchmod(user_fd, self.DIR_PERMISSIONS)

                config_text = self._serialize_config(config)

                # atomic_rewrite_fd creates a temp file via
                # O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW relative to user_fd, chowns
                # and chmods the temp inode (not a path), then renames
                # it into place — all without leaving a TOCTOU window.
                atomic_rewrite(
                    basename,
                    config_text,
                    backup=False,
                    uid=0,
                    gid=gid,
                    permissions=self.FILE_PERMISSIONS,
                    dir_fd=user_fd,
                )
                # Re-normalize ownership/permissions on every call so
                # that an out-of-band ``chmod``/``chown`` between writes
                # cannot leave the file with weaker permissions.  When
                # ``atomic_rewrite_fd`` short-circuits on identical
                # content, no chown/chmod runs there, so we apply them
                # here.  ``O_NOFOLLOW`` keeps the fix TOCTOU-safe.
                file_fd = os.open(
                    basename,
                    os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NOFOLLOW,
                    dir_fd=user_fd,
                )
                try:
                    os.chown(file_fd, 0, gid)
                    os.fchmod(file_fd, self.FILE_PERMISSIONS)
                finally:
                    os.close(file_fd)
            finally:
                os.close(user_fd)
        finally:
            os.close(parent_fd)

        return config_text